Saturday, October 25, 2008

Linux Tips




        Visit    http://linuxandmicrocontrollertips.blogspot.com
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Thursday, October 23, 2008

 Linux games DVD


A collection of games should be shown to directly run from a Bootable DVD without the user in need to know about Linux or care about his system.This distribution based on ArchLinux. It is designed for intel x86 architecturewith 512 MB memory. It Includes including Glest, BzFLag, Nexuiz, Sauerbraten, Enemy Territory, Torcs, Tremulous, Warsow, True Combat, Elite and World of Padman. Now The linuX-gamers.net live DVD 0.9.4 released. The linuX-gamers live DVD image is available for download via BitTorrent:lg-live-0.9.4.iso (3,118MB).visit the project's home page for more details.
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Some Useful Linux commands for System Administrators

Kernel Ring Buffer: dmesg

#dmesg |more

[ 0.000000] Linux version 2.6.24-16-generic (buildd@palmer) (gcc version 4.2.3 (Ubuntu 4.2.3-2ubuntu7)) #1 SMP Thu Apr 10 13:23:42 UTC 2008 (Ubuntu 2.6.24-16.30-generic)
[ 0.000000] BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 0000000000000000 - 000000000009e000 (usable)
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 000000007edf4000 - 000000007edff000 (ACPI data)
[ 0.000000] 1134MB HIGHMEM available.
[ 0.000000] 896MB LOWMEM available.
[ 0.000000] found SMP MP-table at 000fe200
[ 0.000000] Entering add_active_range(0, 0, 519680) 0 entries of 256 used
[ 0.000000] Zone PFN ranges:
[ 0.000000] DMA 0 -> 4096
[ 0.000000] Normal 4096 -> 229376
[ 0.000000] HighMem 229376 -> 519680

List of Open Files: lsof
To view a list of all the files open for a particular process

# psof -p 6685 6685 is the process ID for a process (ps -u username will give process ID)

Process Tree: pstree
This will give the list of process in a tree format

# pstree

Interprocess Communication: ipcs
This will produces a list of the IPC resources currently in use:

# ipc

User Accessing Files: fuser
This command is useful to find what processes or users are currently accessing a particular files. Example, suppose you want to unmount a file system mounted at /cdrom. umount gives “device is busy.” The fuser command can help you to find which processes are accessing the device:

vishnu@vishnu-desktop:~$ fuser -v /home/vishnu
USER PID ACCESS COMMAND
/home/vishnu: vishnu 6383 ..c.. gnome-session
vishnu 6445 ..c.. gnome-settings-
vishnu 6499 ..c.. nautilus
vishnu 6575 ..c.. update-notifier
vishnu 6585 ..c.. python
vishnu 6814 ..c.. bash
vishnu 6904 ..c.. bash

Processes List: top
Command for “table of processes,” displays a list of processes that is refreshed every two seconds.

$top

Tasks: 134 total, 1 running, 133 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 4.8%us, 0.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 93.8%id, 1.1%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Mem: 2056640k total, 1642608k used, 414032k free, 24620k buffers
Swap: 3951948k total, 0k used, 3951948k free, 629144k cached

PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 
6685 vishnu 20 0 764m 652m 23m S 4 32.5 4:15.57 firefox 
1 root 20 0 2844 1660 520 S 0 0.1 0:01.02 init 
2 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd 
3 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0 
4 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.02 ksoftirqd/0 

Who Is Doing What: w

This will find out who is logged onto the system and what he is doing.

#w
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How to change  MAC address in Ubuntu Linux

Type the following in a terminal with root permission

# ifconfig eth0 down
# ifconfig eth0 hw ether 1b:2a:4c:4d:8e:9f ( this is only for example)
# ifconfig etho up

Check your new MAC address by using

# ifconfig
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Here is How to install/uninstall .deb file using dpkg on a debian or ubuntu linux

1. Howto install a .deb file

sudo dpkg -i package_file.deb

2. Hoto uninstall a .deb file

sudo dpkg -r package_name

3 Howto find version of a package installed

dpkg -l packagename

4. Howto List all installed files with version

dpkg -l

5 Howto convert .rpm files to .deb files

sudo alien package_file.rpm
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Sunday, October 12, 2008

How to Make your own Distributable Ubuntu 

Make Your Own Ubuntu Live CD using Remastersys tool

Remastersys

Remastersys is a tool that can be used to make ubuntu livecd and also it can make a full system backup including personal data to a live cd or dvd that you can use anywhere and and it can install at any time. It can make your own distributable copy with all the softwares installed in your system (eg:java,flashplayer, codecs, fonts, mysql, apache,php etc) can share with your friends. This will not have any of your personal user data in it.

Add the following line to your /etc/apt/sources.list

deb http://www.remastersys.klikit-linux.com/repository remastersys/

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install remastersys

run remastersys-gui and make your live cd
http://www.remastersys.klikit-linux.com/
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Friday, October 10, 2008

How to Boot and run Linux from a USB flash memory stick(Collector's Item)

Here is a way to Carry Linux On your Pendrive

Carry a portable Linux version with you on a USB flash pen drive. Easily bring your portable desktop with you wherever you go.

Portable USB Linux Desktop Screenshot with CompizUSB Linux installation enables you to install a portable Linux operating system on a flash drive or USB key no larger than your thumb (thumbdrive). This portable Linux operating system can then be run from any computer that can boot from a flash device, allowing you to bring your operating system, desktop, applications, files, email, personal settings, favorites, games and more with you. It’s your own personal operating system you can carry in your pocket. On Pendrivelinux.com, we provide many simplified portable Linux flash drive installation tutorials. Making is easy for anyone to install, boot and run Linux portably from a Pen drive!

Linux flash USB installation tutorials

Note: Please perform the USB Boot Compatibility Test to ensure that your Computer is capable of booting from a Portable USB device.
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